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725 lines
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725 lines
22 KiB
5 years ago
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Metadata-Version: 2.1
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Name: tabulate
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Version: 0.8.6
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Summary: Pretty-print tabular data
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Home-page: https://github.com/astanin/python-tabulate
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Author: Sergey Astanin
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Author-email: s.astanin@gmail.com
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License: MIT
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Platform: UNKNOWN
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Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
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Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
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Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
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Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries
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Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
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Provides-Extra: widechars
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Requires-Dist: wcwidth ; extra == 'widechars'
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python-tabulate
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===============
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Pretty-print tabular data in Python, a library and a command-line
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utility.
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The main use cases of the library are:
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- printing small tables without hassle: just one function call,
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formatting is guided by the data itself
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- authoring tabular data for lightweight plain-text markup: multiple
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output formats suitable for further editing or transformation
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- readable presentation of mixed textual and numeric data: smart
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column alignment, configurable number formatting, alignment by a
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decimal point
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Installation
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------------
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To install the Python library and the command line utility, run:
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pip install tabulate
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The command line utility will be installed as `tabulate` to `bin` on
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Linux (e.g. `/usr/bin`); or as `tabulate.exe` to `Scripts` in your
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Python installation on Windows (e.g.
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`C:\Python27\Scripts\tabulate.exe`).
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You may consider installing the library only for the current user:
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pip install tabulate --user
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In this case the command line utility will be installed to
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`~/.local/bin/tabulate` on Linux and to
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`%APPDATA%\Python\Scripts\tabulate.exe` on Windows.
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To install just the library on Unix-like operating systems:
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TABULATE_INSTALL=lib-only pip install tabulate
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On Windows:
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set TABULATE_INSTALL=lib-only
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pip install tabulate
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The module provides just one function, `tabulate`, which takes a list of
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lists or another tabular data type as the first argument, and outputs a
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nicely formatted plain-text table:
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>>> from tabulate import tabulate
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>>> table = [["Sun",696000,1989100000],["Earth",6371,5973.6],
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... ["Moon",1737,73.5],["Mars",3390,641.85]]
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>>> print(tabulate(table))
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----- ------ -------------
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Sun 696000 1.9891e+09
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Earth 6371 5973.6
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Moon 1737 73.5
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Mars 3390 641.85
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----- ------ -------------
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The following tabular data types are supported:
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- list of lists or another iterable of iterables
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- list or another iterable of dicts (keys as columns)
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- dict of iterables (keys as columns)
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- two-dimensional NumPy array
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- NumPy record arrays (names as columns)
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- pandas.DataFrame
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Examples in this file use Python2. Tabulate supports Python3 too.
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### Headers
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The second optional argument named `headers` defines a list of column
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headers to be used:
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>>> print(tabulate(table, headers=["Planet","R (km)", "mass (x 10^29 kg)"]))
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Planet R (km) mass (x 10^29 kg)
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-------- -------- -------------------
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Sun 696000 1.9891e+09
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Earth 6371 5973.6
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Moon 1737 73.5
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Mars 3390 641.85
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If `headers="firstrow"`, then the first row of data is used:
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>>> print(tabulate([["Name","Age"],["Alice",24],["Bob",19]],
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... headers="firstrow"))
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Name Age
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------ -----
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Alice 24
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Bob 19
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If `headers="keys"`, then the keys of a dictionary/dataframe, or column
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indices are used. It also works for NumPy record arrays and lists of
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dictionaries or named tuples:
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>>> print(tabulate({"Name": ["Alice", "Bob"],
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... "Age": [24, 19]}, headers="keys"))
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Age Name
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----- ------
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24 Alice
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19 Bob
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### Row Indices
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By default, only pandas.DataFrame tables have an additional column
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called row index. To add a similar column to any other type of table,
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pass `showindex="always"` or `showindex=True` argument to `tabulate()`.
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To suppress row indices for all types of data, pass `showindex="never"`
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or `showindex=False`. To add a custom row index column, pass
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`showindex=rowIDs`, where `rowIDs` is some iterable:
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>>> print(tabulate([["F",24],["M",19]], showindex="always"))
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- - --
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0 F 24
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1 M 19
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- - --
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### Table format
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There is more than one way to format a table in plain text. The third
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optional argument named `tablefmt` defines how the table is formatted.
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Supported table formats are:
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- "plain"
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- "simple"
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- "github"
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- "grid"
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- "fancy\_grid"
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- "pipe"
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- "orgtbl"
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- "jira"
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- "presto"
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- "psql"
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- "rst"
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- "mediawiki"
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- "moinmoin"
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- "youtrack"
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- "html"
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- "latex"
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- "latex\_raw"
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- "latex\_booktabs"
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- "textile"
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`plain` tables do not use any pseudo-graphics to draw lines:
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>>> table = [["spam",42],["eggs",451],["bacon",0]]
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>>> headers = ["item", "qty"]
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>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="plain"))
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item qty
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spam 42
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eggs 451
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bacon 0
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`simple` is the default format (the default may change in future
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versions). It corresponds to `simple_tables` in [Pandoc Markdown
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extensions](http://johnmacfarlane.net/pandoc/README.html#tables):
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>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="simple"))
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item qty
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------ -----
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spam 42
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eggs 451
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bacon 0
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`github` follows the conventions of Github flavored Markdown. It
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corresponds to the `pipe` format without alignment colons:
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>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="github"))
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| item | qty |
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|--------|-------|
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| spam | 42 |
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| eggs | 451 |
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| bacon | 0 |
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`grid` is like tables formatted by Emacs'
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[table.el](http://table.sourceforge.net/) package. It corresponds to
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`grid_tables` in Pandoc Markdown extensions:
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>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="grid"))
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+--------+-------+
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| item | qty |
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+========+=======+
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| spam | 42 |
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+--------+-------+
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| eggs | 451 |
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+--------+-------+
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| bacon | 0 |
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+--------+-------+
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`fancy_grid` draws a grid using box-drawing characters:
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>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="fancy_grid"))
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╒════════╤═══════╕
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│ item │ qty │
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╞════════╪═══════╡
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│ spam │ 42 │
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├────────┼───────┤
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│ eggs │ 451 │
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├────────┼───────┤
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│ bacon │ 0 │
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╘════════╧═══════╛
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`presto` is like tables formatted by Presto cli:
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>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="presto"))
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item | qty
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--------+-------
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spam | 42
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eggs | 451
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bacon | 0
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`psql` is like tables formatted by Postgres' psql cli:
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>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="psql"))
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+--------+-------+
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| item | qty |
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|--------+-------|
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| spam | 42 |
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| eggs | 451 |
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| bacon | 0 |
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+--------+-------+
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`pipe` follows the conventions of [PHP Markdown
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Extra](http://michelf.ca/projects/php-markdown/extra/#table) extension.
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It corresponds to `pipe_tables` in Pandoc. This format uses colons to
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indicate column alignment:
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>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="pipe"))
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| item | qty |
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|:-------|------:|
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| spam | 42 |
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| eggs | 451 |
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| bacon | 0 |
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`orgtbl` follows the conventions of Emacs
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[org-mode](http://orgmode.org/manual/Tables.html), and is editable also
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in the minor orgtbl-mode. Hence its name:
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>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="orgtbl"))
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| item | qty |
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|--------+-------|
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| spam | 42 |
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| eggs | 451 |
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| bacon | 0 |
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`jira` follows the conventions of Atlassian Jira markup language:
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>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="jira"))
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|| item || qty ||
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| spam | 42 |
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| eggs | 451 |
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| bacon | 0 |
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`rst` formats data like a simple table of the
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[reStructuredText](http://docutils.sourceforge.net/docs/user/rst/quickref.html#tables)
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format:
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>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="rst"))
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====== =====
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item qty
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====== =====
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spam 42
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eggs 451
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bacon 0
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====== =====
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`mediawiki` format produces a table markup used in
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[Wikipedia](http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Tables) and on other
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MediaWiki-based sites:
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>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="mediawiki"))
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
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|+ <!-- caption -->
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|-
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! item !! align="right"| qty
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|-
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| spam || align="right"| 42
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|-
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| eggs || align="right"| 451
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| bacon || align="right"| 0
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|}
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`moinmoin` format produces a table markup used in
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[MoinMoin](https://moinmo.in/) wikis:
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>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="moinmoin"))
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|| ''' item ''' || ''' quantity ''' ||
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|| spam || 41.999 ||
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|| eggs || 451 ||
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|| bacon || ||
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`youtrack` format produces a table markup used in Youtrack tickets:
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>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="youtrack"))
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|| item || quantity ||
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| spam | 41.999 |
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| eggs | 451 |
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| bacon | |
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`textile` format produces a table markup used in
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[Textile](http://redcloth.org/hobix.com/textile/) format:
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>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="textile"))
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|_. item |_. qty |
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|<. spam |>. 42 |
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|<. eggs |>. 451 |
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|<. bacon |>. 0 |
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`html` produces standard HTML markup:
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>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="html"))
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<table>
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<tbody>
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<tr><th>item </th><th style="text-align: right;"> qty</th></tr>
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<tr><td>spam </td><td style="text-align: right;"> 42</td></tr>
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<tr><td>eggs </td><td style="text-align: right;"> 451</td></tr>
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<tr><td>bacon </td><td style="text-align: right;"> 0</td></tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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`latex` format creates a `tabular` environment for LaTeX markup,
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replacing special characters like `_` or `\` to their LaTeX
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correspondents:
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>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="latex"))
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\begin{tabular}{lr}
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\hline
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item & qty \\
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\hline
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spam & 42 \\
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eggs & 451 \\
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bacon & 0 \\
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\hline
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\end{tabular}
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`latex_raw` behaves like `latex` but does not escape LaTeX commands and
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special characters.
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`latex_booktabs` creates a `tabular` environment for LaTeX markup using
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spacing and style from the `booktabs` package.
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### Column alignment
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`tabulate` is smart about column alignment. It detects columns which
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contain only numbers, and aligns them by a decimal point (or flushes
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them to the right if they appear to be integers). Text columns are
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flushed to the left.
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You can override the default alignment with `numalign` and `stralign`
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named arguments. Possible column alignments are: `right`, `center`,
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`left`, `decimal` (only for numbers), and `None` (to disable alignment).
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Aligning by a decimal point works best when you need to compare numbers
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at a glance:
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>>> print(tabulate([[1.2345],[123.45],[12.345],[12345],[1234.5]]))
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----------
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1.2345
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123.45
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12.345
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12345
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1234.5
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----------
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Compare this with a more common right alignment:
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>>> print(tabulate([[1.2345],[123.45],[12.345],[12345],[1234.5]], numalign="right"))
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------
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1.2345
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123.45
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12.345
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12345
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1234.5
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------
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For `tabulate`, anything which can be parsed as a number is a number.
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Even numbers represented as strings are aligned properly. This feature
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comes in handy when reading a mixed table of text and numbers from a
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file:
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>>> import csv ; from StringIO import StringIO
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>>> table = list(csv.reader(StringIO("spam, 42\neggs, 451\n")))
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>>> table
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[['spam', ' 42'], ['eggs', ' 451']]
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>>> print(tabulate(table))
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---- ----
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spam 42
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eggs 451
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---- ----
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### Custom column alignment
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`tabulate` allows a custom column alignment to override the above. The
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`colalign` argument can be a list or a tuple of `stralign` named
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arguments. Possible column alignments are: `right`, `center`, `left`,
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`decimal` (only for numbers), and `None` (to disable alignment).
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Omitting an alignment uses the default. For example:
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>>> print(tabulate([["one", "two"], ["three", "four"]], colalign=("right",))
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----- ----
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one two
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three four
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----- ----
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### Number formatting
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`tabulate` allows to define custom number formatting applied to all
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columns of decimal numbers. Use `floatfmt` named argument:
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>>> print(tabulate([["pi",3.141593],["e",2.718282]], floatfmt=".4f"))
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-- ------
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pi 3.1416
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e 2.7183
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-- ------
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`floatfmt` argument can be a list or a tuple of format strings, one per
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column, in which case every column may have different number formatting:
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>>> print(tabulate([[0.12345, 0.12345, 0.12345]], floatfmt=(".1f", ".3f")))
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--- ----- -------
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0.1 0.123 0.12345
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--- ----- -------
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### Text formatting
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||
|
By default, `tabulate` removes leading and trailing whitespace from text
|
||
|
columns. To disable whitespace removal, set the global module-level flag
|
||
|
`PRESERVE_WHITESPACE`:
|
||
|
|
||
|
import tabulate
|
||
|
tabulate.PRESERVE_WHITESPACE = True
|
||
|
|
||
|
### Wide (fullwidth CJK) symbols
|
||
|
|
||
|
To properly align tables which contain wide characters (typically
|
||
|
fullwidth glyphs from Chinese, Japanese or Korean languages), the user
|
||
|
should install `wcwidth` library. To install it together with
|
||
|
`tabulate`:
|
||
|
|
||
|
pip install tabulate[widechars]
|
||
|
|
||
|
Wide character support is enabled automatically if `wcwidth` library is
|
||
|
already installed. To disable wide characters support without
|
||
|
uninstalling `wcwidth`, set the global module-level flag
|
||
|
`WIDE_CHARS_MODE`:
|
||
|
|
||
|
import tabulate
|
||
|
tabulate.WIDE_CHARS_MODE = False
|
||
|
|
||
|
### Multiline cells
|
||
|
|
||
|
Most table formats support multiline cell text (text containing newline
|
||
|
characters). The newline characters are honored as line break
|
||
|
characters.
|
||
|
|
||
|
Multiline cells are supported for data rows and for header rows.
|
||
|
|
||
|
Further automatic line breaks are not inserted. Of course, some output
|
||
|
formats such as latex or html handle automatic formatting of the cell
|
||
|
content on their own, but for those that don't, the newline characters
|
||
|
in the input cell text are the only means to break a line in cell text.
|
||
|
|
||
|
Note that some output formats (e.g. simple, or plain) do not represent
|
||
|
row delimiters, so that the representation of multiline cells in such
|
||
|
formats may be ambiguous to the reader.
|
||
|
|
||
|
The following examples of formatted output use the following table with
|
||
|
a multiline cell, and headers with a multiline cell:
|
||
|
|
||
|
>>> table = [["eggs",451],["more\nspam",42]]
|
||
|
>>> headers = ["item\nname", "qty"]
|
||
|
|
||
|
`plain` tables:
|
||
|
|
||
|
>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="plain"))
|
||
|
item qty
|
||
|
name
|
||
|
eggs 451
|
||
|
more 42
|
||
|
spam
|
||
|
|
||
|
`simple` tables:
|
||
|
|
||
|
>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="simple"))
|
||
|
item qty
|
||
|
name
|
||
|
------ -----
|
||
|
eggs 451
|
||
|
more 42
|
||
|
spam
|
||
|
|
||
|
`grid` tables:
|
||
|
|
||
|
>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="grid"))
|
||
|
+--------+-------+
|
||
|
| item | qty |
|
||
|
| name | |
|
||
|
+========+=======+
|
||
|
| eggs | 451 |
|
||
|
+--------+-------+
|
||
|
| more | 42 |
|
||
|
| spam | |
|
||
|
+--------+-------+
|
||
|
|
||
|
`fancy_grid` tables:
|
||
|
|
||
|
>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="fancy_grid"))
|
||
|
╒════════╤═══════╕
|
||
|
│ item │ qty │
|
||
|
│ name │ │
|
||
|
╞════════╪═══════╡
|
||
|
│ eggs │ 451 │
|
||
|
├────────┼───────┤
|
||
|
│ more │ 42 │
|
||
|
│ spam │ │
|
||
|
╘════════╧═══════╛
|
||
|
|
||
|
`pipe` tables:
|
||
|
|
||
|
>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="pipe"))
|
||
|
| item | qty |
|
||
|
| name | |
|
||
|
|:-------|------:|
|
||
|
| eggs | 451 |
|
||
|
| more | 42 |
|
||
|
| spam | |
|
||
|
|
||
|
`orgtbl` tables:
|
||
|
|
||
|
>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="orgtbl"))
|
||
|
| item | qty |
|
||
|
| name | |
|
||
|
|--------+-------|
|
||
|
| eggs | 451 |
|
||
|
| more | 42 |
|
||
|
| spam | |
|
||
|
|
||
|
`jira` tables:
|
||
|
|
||
|
>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="jira"))
|
||
|
| item | qty |
|
||
|
| name | |
|
||
|
|:-------|------:|
|
||
|
| eggs | 451 |
|
||
|
| more | 42 |
|
||
|
| spam | |
|
||
|
|
||
|
`presto` tables:
|
||
|
|
||
|
>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="presto"))
|
||
|
item | qty
|
||
|
name |
|
||
|
--------+-------
|
||
|
eggs | 451
|
||
|
more | 42
|
||
|
spam |
|
||
|
|
||
|
`psql` tables:
|
||
|
|
||
|
>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="psql"))
|
||
|
+--------+-------+
|
||
|
| item | qty |
|
||
|
| name | |
|
||
|
|--------+-------|
|
||
|
| eggs | 451 |
|
||
|
| more | 42 |
|
||
|
| spam | |
|
||
|
+--------+-------+
|
||
|
|
||
|
`rst` tables:
|
||
|
|
||
|
>>> print(tabulate(table, headers, tablefmt="rst"))
|
||
|
====== =====
|
||
|
item qty
|
||
|
name
|
||
|
====== =====
|
||
|
eggs 451
|
||
|
more 42
|
||
|
spam
|
||
|
====== =====
|
||
|
|
||
|
Multiline cells are not well supported for the other table formats.
|
||
|
|
||
|
Usage of the command line utility
|
||
|
---------------------------------
|
||
|
|
||
|
Usage: tabulate [options] [FILE ...]
|
||
|
|
||
|
FILE a filename of the file with tabular data;
|
||
|
if "-" or missing, read data from stdin.
|
||
|
|
||
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
||
|
-h, --help show this message
|
||
|
-1, --header use the first row of data as a table header
|
||
|
-o FILE, --output FILE print table to FILE (default: stdout)
|
||
|
-s REGEXP, --sep REGEXP use a custom column separator (default: whitespace)
|
||
|
-F FPFMT, --float FPFMT floating point number format (default: g)
|
||
|
-f FMT, --format FMT set output table format; supported formats:
|
||
|
plain, simple, github, grid, fancy_grid, pipe,
|
||
|
orgtbl, rst, mediawiki, html, latex, latex_raw,
|
||
|
latex_booktabs, tsv
|
||
|
(default: simple)
|
||
|
|
||
|
Performance considerations
|
||
|
--------------------------
|
||
|
|
||
|
Such features as decimal point alignment and trying to parse everything
|
||
|
as a number imply that `tabulate`:
|
||
|
|
||
|
- has to "guess" how to print a particular tabular data type
|
||
|
- needs to keep the entire table in-memory
|
||
|
- has to "transpose" the table twice
|
||
|
- does much more work than it may appear
|
||
|
|
||
|
It may not be suitable for serializing really big tables (but who's
|
||
|
going to do that, anyway?) or printing tables in performance sensitive
|
||
|
applications. `tabulate` is about two orders of magnitude slower than
|
||
|
simply joining lists of values with a tab, coma or other separator.
|
||
|
|
||
|
In the same time `tabulate` is comparable to other table
|
||
|
pretty-printers. Given a 10x10 table (a list of lists) of mixed text and
|
||
|
numeric data, `tabulate` appears to be slower than `asciitable`, and
|
||
|
faster than `PrettyTable` and `texttable` The following mini-benchmark
|
||
|
was run in Python 3.6.8 on Ubuntu 18.04 in WSL:
|
||
|
|
||
|
========================== ========== ===========
|
||
|
Table formatter time, μs rel. time
|
||
|
=========================== ========== ===========
|
||
|
csv to StringIO 21.4 1.0
|
||
|
join with tabs and newlines 29.6 1.4
|
||
|
asciitable (0.8.0) 506.8 23.7
|
||
|
tabulate (0.8.6) 1079.9 50.5
|
||
|
PrettyTable (0.7.2) 2032.0 95.0
|
||
|
texttable (1.6.2) 3025.7 141.4
|
||
|
=========================== ========== ===========
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
Version history
|
||
|
---------------
|
||
|
|
||
|
The full version history can be found at the [changelog](./CHANGELOG).
|
||
|
|
||
|
How to contribute
|
||
|
-----------------
|
||
|
|
||
|
Contributions should include tests and an explanation for the changes
|
||
|
they propose. Documentation (examples, docstrings, README.md) should be
|
||
|
updated accordingly.
|
||
|
|
||
|
This project uses [nose](https://nose.readthedocs.org/) testing
|
||
|
framework and [tox](https://tox.readthedocs.io/) to automate testing in
|
||
|
different environments. Add tests to one of the files in the `test/`
|
||
|
folder.
|
||
|
|
||
|
To run tests on all supported Python versions, make sure all Python
|
||
|
interpreters, `nose` and `tox` are installed, then run `tox` in the root
|
||
|
of the project source tree.
|
||
|
|
||
|
On Linux `tox` expects to find executables like `python2.6`,
|
||
|
`python2.7`, `python3.4` etc. On Windows it looks for
|
||
|
`C:\Python26\python.exe`, `C:\Python27\python.exe` and
|
||
|
`C:\Python34\python.exe` respectively.
|
||
|
|
||
|
To test only some Python environements, use `-e` option. For example, to
|
||
|
test only against Python 2.7 and Python 3.6, run:
|
||
|
|
||
|
tox -e py27,py36
|
||
|
|
||
|
in the root of the project source tree.
|
||
|
|
||
|
To enable NumPy and Pandas tests, run:
|
||
|
|
||
|
tox -e py27-extra,py36-extra
|
||
|
|
||
|
(this may take a long time the first time, because NumPy and Pandas will
|
||
|
have to be installed in the new virtual environments)
|
||
|
|
||
|
See `tox.ini` file to learn how to use `nosetests` directly to test
|
||
|
individual Python versions.
|
||
|
|
||
|
Contributors
|
||
|
------------
|
||
|
|
||
|
Sergey Astanin, Pau Tallada Crespí, Erwin Marsi, Mik Kocikowski, Bill
|
||
|
Ryder, Zach Dwiel, Frederik Rietdijk, Philipp Bogensberger, Greg
|
||
|
(anonymous), Stefan Tatschner, Emiel van Miltenburg, Brandon Bennett,
|
||
|
Amjith Ramanujam, Jan Schulz, Simon Percivall, Javier Santacruz
|
||
|
López-Cepero, Sam Denton, Alexey Ziyangirov, acaird, Cesar Sanchez,
|
||
|
naught101, John Vandenberg, Zack Dever, Christian Clauss, Benjamin
|
||
|
Maier, Andy MacKinlay, Thomas Roten, Jue Wang, Joe King, Samuel Phan,
|
||
|
Nick Satterly, Daniel Robbins, Dmitry B, Lars Butler, Andreas Maier,
|
||
|
Dick Marinus, Sébastien Celles, Yago González, Andrew Gaul, Wim Glenn,
|
||
|
Jean Michel Rouly, Tim Gates, John Vandenberg, Sorin Sbarnea.
|
||
|
|
||
|
|