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#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# elftools: elf/structs.py
#
# Encapsulation of Construct structs for parsing an ELF file, adjusted for
# correct endianness and word-size.
#
# Eli Bendersky (eliben@gmail.com)
# This code is in the public domain
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
from ..construct import (
UBInt8, UBInt16, UBInt32, UBInt64,
ULInt8, ULInt16, ULInt32, ULInt64,
SBInt32, SLInt32, SBInt64, SLInt64,
Struct, Array, Enum, Padding, BitStruct, BitField, Value, String, CString
)
from ..common.construct_utils import ULEB128
from .enums import *
class ELFStructs(object):
""" Accessible attributes:
Elf_{byte|half|word|word64|addr|offset|sword|xword|xsword}:
Data chunks, as specified by the ELF standard, adjusted for
correct endianness and word-size.
Elf_Ehdr:
ELF file header
Elf_Phdr:
Program header
Elf_Shdr:
Section header
Elf_Sym:
Symbol table entry
Elf_Rel, Elf_Rela:
Entries in relocation sections
"""
def __init__(self, little_endian=True, elfclass=32):
assert elfclass == 32 or elfclass == 64
self.little_endian = little_endian
self.elfclass = elfclass
def create_basic_structs(self):
""" Create word-size related structs and ehdr struct needed for
initial determining of ELF type.
"""
if self.little_endian:
self.Elf_byte = ULInt8
self.Elf_half = ULInt16
self.Elf_word = ULInt32
self.Elf_word64 = ULInt64
self.Elf_addr = ULInt32 if self.elfclass == 32 else ULInt64
self.Elf_offset = self.Elf_addr
self.Elf_sword = SLInt32
self.Elf_xword = ULInt32 if self.elfclass == 32 else ULInt64
self.Elf_sxword = SLInt32 if self.elfclass == 32 else SLInt64
else:
self.Elf_byte = UBInt8
self.Elf_half = UBInt16
self.Elf_word = UBInt32
self.Elf_word64 = UBInt64
self.Elf_addr = UBInt32 if self.elfclass == 32 else UBInt64
self.Elf_offset = self.Elf_addr
self.Elf_sword = SBInt32
self.Elf_xword = UBInt32 if self.elfclass == 32 else UBInt64
self.Elf_sxword = SBInt32 if self.elfclass == 32 else SBInt64
self._create_ehdr()
self._create_leb128()
self._create_ntbs()
def create_advanced_structs(self, e_type=None, e_machine=None, e_ident_osabi=None):
""" Create all ELF structs except the ehdr. They may possibly depend
on provided e_type and/or e_machine parsed from ehdr.
"""
self._create_phdr(e_machine)
self._create_shdr(e_machine)
self._create_chdr()
self._create_sym()
self._create_rel()
self._create_dyn(e_machine, e_ident_osabi)
self._create_sunw_syminfo()
self._create_gnu_verneed()
self._create_gnu_verdef()
self._create_gnu_versym()
self._create_gnu_abi()
self._create_note(e_type)
self._create_stabs()
self._create_arm_attributes()
self._create_elf_hash()
self._create_gnu_hash()
#-------------------------------- PRIVATE --------------------------------#
def _create_ehdr(self):
self.Elf_Ehdr = Struct('Elf_Ehdr',
Struct('e_ident',
Array(4, self.Elf_byte('EI_MAG')),
Enum(self.Elf_byte('EI_CLASS'), **ENUM_EI_CLASS),
Enum(self.Elf_byte('EI_DATA'), **ENUM_EI_DATA),
Enum(self.Elf_byte('EI_VERSION'), **ENUM_E_VERSION),
Enum(self.Elf_byte('EI_OSABI'), **ENUM_EI_OSABI),
self.Elf_byte('EI_ABIVERSION'),
Padding(7)
),
Enum(self.Elf_half('e_type'), **ENUM_E_TYPE),
Enum(self.Elf_half('e_machine'), **ENUM_E_MACHINE),
Enum(self.Elf_word('e_version'), **ENUM_E_VERSION),
self.Elf_addr('e_entry'),
self.Elf_offset('e_phoff'),
self.Elf_offset('e_shoff'),
self.Elf_word('e_flags'),
self.Elf_half('e_ehsize'),
self.Elf_half('e_phentsize'),
self.Elf_half('e_phnum'),
self.Elf_half('e_shentsize'),
self.Elf_half('e_shnum'),
self.Elf_half('e_shstrndx'),
)
def _create_leb128(self):
self.Elf_uleb128 = ULEB128
def _create_ntbs(self):
self.Elf_ntbs = CString
def _create_phdr(self, e_machine=None):
p_type_dict = ENUM_P_TYPE_BASE
if e_machine == 'EM_ARM':
p_type_dict = ENUM_P_TYPE_ARM
elif e_machine == 'EM_AARCH64':
p_type_dict = ENUM_P_TYPE_AARCH64
elif e_machine == 'EM_MIPS':
p_type_dict = ENUM_P_TYPE_MIPS
if self.elfclass == 32:
self.Elf_Phdr = Struct('Elf_Phdr',
Enum(self.Elf_word('p_type'), **p_type_dict),
self.Elf_offset('p_offset'),
self.Elf_addr('p_vaddr'),
self.Elf_addr('p_paddr'),
self.Elf_word('p_filesz'),
self.Elf_word('p_memsz'),
self.Elf_word('p_flags'),
self.Elf_word('p_align'),
)
else: # 64
self.Elf_Phdr = Struct('Elf_Phdr',
Enum(self.Elf_word('p_type'), **p_type_dict),
self.Elf_word('p_flags'),
self.Elf_offset('p_offset'),
self.Elf_addr('p_vaddr'),
self.Elf_addr('p_paddr'),
self.Elf_xword('p_filesz'),
self.Elf_xword('p_memsz'),
self.Elf_xword('p_align'),
)
def _create_shdr(self, e_machine=None):
"""Section header parsing.
Depends on e_machine because of machine-specific values in sh_type.
"""
sh_type_dict = ENUM_SH_TYPE_BASE
if e_machine == 'EM_ARM':
sh_type_dict = ENUM_SH_TYPE_ARM
elif e_machine == 'EM_X86_64':
sh_type_dict = ENUM_SH_TYPE_AMD64
elif e_machine == 'EM_MIPS':
sh_type_dict = ENUM_SH_TYPE_MIPS
self.Elf_Shdr = Struct('Elf_Shdr',
self.Elf_word('sh_name'),
Enum(self.Elf_word('sh_type'), **sh_type_dict),
self.Elf_xword('sh_flags'),
self.Elf_addr('sh_addr'),
self.Elf_offset('sh_offset'),
self.Elf_xword('sh_size'),
self.Elf_word('sh_link'),
self.Elf_word('sh_info'),
self.Elf_xword('sh_addralign'),
self.Elf_xword('sh_entsize'),
)
def _create_chdr(self):
# Structure of compressed sections header. It is documented in Oracle
# "Linker and Libraries Guide", Part IV ELF Application Binary
# Interface, Chapter 13 Object File Format, Section Compression:
# https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E53394_01/html/E54813/section_compression.html
fields = [
Enum(self.Elf_word('ch_type'), **ENUM_ELFCOMPRESS_TYPE),
self.Elf_xword('ch_size'),
self.Elf_xword('ch_addralign'),
]
if self.elfclass == 64:
fields.insert(1, self.Elf_word('ch_reserved'))
self.Elf_Chdr = Struct('Elf_Chdr', *fields)
def _create_rel(self):
# r_info is also taken apart into r_info_sym and r_info_type.
# This is done in Value to avoid endianity issues while parsing.
if self.elfclass == 32:
r_info_sym = Value('r_info_sym',
lambda ctx: (ctx['r_info'] >> 8) & 0xFFFFFF)
r_info_type = Value('r_info_type',
lambda ctx: ctx['r_info'] & 0xFF)
else: # 64
r_info_sym = Value('r_info_sym',
lambda ctx: (ctx['r_info'] >> 32) & 0xFFFFFFFF)
r_info_type = Value('r_info_type',
lambda ctx: ctx['r_info'] & 0xFFFFFFFF)
self.Elf_Rel = Struct('Elf_Rel',
self.Elf_addr('r_offset'),
self.Elf_xword('r_info'),
r_info_sym,
r_info_type,
)
self.Elf_Rela = Struct('Elf_Rela',
self.Elf_addr('r_offset'),
self.Elf_xword('r_info'),
r_info_sym,
r_info_type,
self.Elf_sxword('r_addend'),
)
def _create_dyn(self, e_machine=None, e_ident_osabi=None):
d_tag_dict = dict(ENUM_D_TAG_COMMON)
if e_machine in ENUMMAP_EXTRA_D_TAG_MACHINE:
d_tag_dict.update(ENUMMAP_EXTRA_D_TAG_MACHINE[e_machine])
elif e_ident_osabi == 'ELFOSABI_SOLARIS':
d_tag_dict.update(ENUM_D_TAG_SOLARIS)
self.Elf_Dyn = Struct('Elf_Dyn',
Enum(self.Elf_sxword('d_tag'), **d_tag_dict),
self.Elf_xword('d_val'),
Value('d_ptr', lambda ctx: ctx['d_val']),
)
def _create_sym(self):
# st_info is hierarchical. To access the type, use
# container['st_info']['type']
st_info_struct = BitStruct('st_info',
Enum(BitField('bind', 4), **ENUM_ST_INFO_BIND),
Enum(BitField('type', 4), **ENUM_ST_INFO_TYPE))
# st_other is hierarchical. To access the visibility,
# use container['st_other']['visibility']
st_other_struct = BitStruct('st_other',
Padding(5),
Enum(BitField('visibility', 3), **ENUM_ST_VISIBILITY))
if self.elfclass == 32:
self.Elf_Sym = Struct('Elf_Sym',
self.Elf_word('st_name'),
self.Elf_addr('st_value'),
self.Elf_word('st_size'),
st_info_struct,
st_other_struct,
Enum(self.Elf_half('st_shndx'), **ENUM_ST_SHNDX),
)
else:
self.Elf_Sym = Struct('Elf_Sym',
self.Elf_word('st_name'),
st_info_struct,
st_other_struct,
Enum(self.Elf_half('st_shndx'), **ENUM_ST_SHNDX),
self.Elf_addr('st_value'),
self.Elf_xword('st_size'),
)
def _create_sunw_syminfo(self):
self.Elf_Sunw_Syminfo = Struct('Elf_Sunw_Syminfo',
Enum(self.Elf_half('si_boundto'), **ENUM_SUNW_SYMINFO_BOUNDTO),
self.Elf_half('si_flags'),
)
def _create_gnu_verneed(self):
# Structure of "version needed" entries is documented in
# Oracle "Linker and Libraries Guide", Chapter 13 Object File Format
self.Elf_Verneed = Struct('Elf_Verneed',
self.Elf_half('vn_version'),
self.Elf_half('vn_cnt'),
self.Elf_word('vn_file'),
self.Elf_word('vn_aux'),
self.Elf_word('vn_next'),
)
self.Elf_Vernaux = Struct('Elf_Vernaux',
self.Elf_word('vna_hash'),
self.Elf_half('vna_flags'),
self.Elf_half('vna_other'),
self.Elf_word('vna_name'),
self.Elf_word('vna_next'),
)
def _create_gnu_verdef(self):
# Structure of "version definition" entries are documented in
# Oracle "Linker and Libraries Guide", Chapter 13 Object File Format
self.Elf_Verdef = Struct('Elf_Verdef',
self.Elf_half('vd_version'),
self.Elf_half('vd_flags'),
self.Elf_half('vd_ndx'),
self.Elf_half('vd_cnt'),
self.Elf_word('vd_hash'),
self.Elf_word('vd_aux'),
self.Elf_word('vd_next'),
)
self.Elf_Verdaux = Struct('Elf_Verdaux',
self.Elf_word('vda_name'),
self.Elf_word('vda_next'),
)
def _create_gnu_versym(self):
# Structure of "version symbol" entries are documented in
# Oracle "Linker and Libraries Guide", Chapter 13 Object File Format
self.Elf_Versym = Struct('Elf_Versym',
Enum(self.Elf_half('ndx'), **ENUM_VERSYM),
)
def _create_gnu_abi(self):
# Structure of GNU ABI notes is documented in
# https://code.woboq.org/userspace/glibc/csu/abi-note.S.html
self.Elf_abi = Struct('Elf_abi',
Enum(self.Elf_word('abi_os'), **ENUM_NOTE_ABI_TAG_OS),
self.Elf_word('abi_major'),
self.Elf_word('abi_minor'),
self.Elf_word('abi_tiny'),
)
def _create_note(self, e_type=None):
# Structure of "PT_NOTE" section
self.Elf_Nhdr = Struct('Elf_Nhdr',
self.Elf_word('n_namesz'),
self.Elf_word('n_descsz'),
Enum(self.Elf_word('n_type'),
**(ENUM_NOTE_N_TYPE if e_type != "ET_CORE"
else ENUM_CORE_NOTE_N_TYPE)),
)
# A process psinfo structure according to
# http://elixir.free-electrons.com/linux/v2.6.35/source/include/linux/elfcore.h#L84
if self.elfclass == 32:
self.Elf_Prpsinfo = Struct('Elf_Prpsinfo',
self.Elf_byte('pr_state'),
String('pr_sname', 1),
self.Elf_byte('pr_zomb'),
self.Elf_byte('pr_nice'),
self.Elf_xword('pr_flag'),
self.Elf_half('pr_uid'),
self.Elf_half('pr_gid'),
self.Elf_half('pr_pid'),
self.Elf_half('pr_ppid'),
self.Elf_half('pr_pgrp'),
self.Elf_half('pr_sid'),
String('pr_fname', 16),
String('pr_psargs', 80),
)
else: # 64
self.Elf_Prpsinfo = Struct('Elf_Prpsinfo',
self.Elf_byte('pr_state'),
String('pr_sname', 1),
self.Elf_byte('pr_zomb'),
self.Elf_byte('pr_nice'),
Padding(4),
self.Elf_xword('pr_flag'),
self.Elf_word('pr_uid'),
self.Elf_word('pr_gid'),
self.Elf_word('pr_pid'),
self.Elf_word('pr_ppid'),
self.Elf_word('pr_pgrp'),
self.Elf_word('pr_sid'),
String('pr_fname', 16),
String('pr_psargs', 80),
)
# A PT_NOTE of type NT_FILE matching the definition in
# https://chromium.googlesource.com/
# native_client/nacl-binutils/+/upstream/master/binutils/readelf.c
# Line 15121
self.Elf_Nt_File = Struct('Elf_Nt_File',
self.Elf_xword("num_map_entries"),
self.Elf_xword("page_size"),
Array(lambda ctx: ctx.num_map_entries,
Struct('Elf_Nt_File_Entry',
self.Elf_addr('vm_start'),
self.Elf_addr('vm_end'),
self.Elf_offset('page_offset'))),
Array(lambda ctx: ctx.num_map_entries,
CString('filename')))
def _create_stabs(self):
# Structure of one stabs entry, see binutils/bfd/stabs.c
# Names taken from https://sourceware.org/gdb/current/onlinedocs/stabs.html#Overview
self.Elf_Stabs = Struct('Elf_Stabs',
self.Elf_word('n_strx'),
self.Elf_byte('n_type'),
self.Elf_byte('n_other'),
self.Elf_half('n_desc'),
self.Elf_word('n_value'),
)
def _create_arm_attributes(self):
# Structure of a build attributes subsection header. A subsection is
# either public to all tools that process the ELF file or private to
# the vendor's tools.
self.Elf_Attr_Subsection_Header = Struct('Elf_Attr_Subsection',
self.Elf_word('length'),
self.Elf_ntbs('vendor_name',
encoding='utf-8')
)
# Structure of a build attribute tag.
self.Elf_Attribute_Tag = Struct('Elf_Attribute_Tag',
Enum(self.Elf_uleb128('tag'),
**ENUM_ATTR_TAG_ARM)
)
def _create_elf_hash(self):
# Structure of the old SYSV-style hash table header. It is documented
# in the Oracle "Linker and Libraries Guide", Part IV ELF Application
# Binary Interface, Chapter 14 Object File Format, Section Hash Table
# Section:
# https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E53394_01/html/E54813/chapter6-48031.html
self.Elf_Hash = Struct('Elf_Hash',
self.Elf_word('nbuckets'),
self.Elf_word('nchains'),
Array(lambda ctx: ctx['nbuckets'], self.Elf_word('buckets')),
Array(lambda ctx: ctx['nchains'], self.Elf_word('chains')))
def _create_gnu_hash(self):
# Structure of the GNU-style hash table header. Documentation for this
# table is mostly in the GLIBC source code, a good explanation of the
# format can be found in this blog post:
# https://flapenguin.me/2017/05/10/elf-lookup-dt-gnu-hash/
self.Gnu_Hash = Struct('Gnu_Hash',
self.Elf_word('nbuckets'),
self.Elf_word('symoffset'),
self.Elf_word('bloom_size'),
self.Elf_word('bloom_shift'),
Array(lambda ctx: ctx['bloom_size'], self.Elf_xword('bloom')),
Array(lambda ctx: ctx['nbuckets'], self.Elf_word('buckets')))